Deciphering pediatric dry eye: understanding and managing the condition

Dry eye, although mainly associated with adults, is also common in children. In pediatric dry eye, the child’s eyes may not produce tears in sufficient quantity or quality, leading to significant discomfort and impacting quality of life. Symptoms in children may include frequent blinking, rubbing or scratching of the eyes, redness and complaints of gritty or irritated eyes. Unlike adults, children most often cannot articulate discomfort clearly, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

The causes of dry eye in children and adults can include environmental factors such as exposure to smoke or wind, prolonged time in front of screens and monitors, certain medications, and underlying health conditions. However, allergies and especially eyelid pathologies such as blepharitis are children’s primary and most common etiologies.

Diagnosing children involves a careful and attentive eye examination of their signs and, symptoms, and lifestyle habits. Treatment may include the use of artificial tears, management of environmental factors and any underlying health problems, and the chronic use of anti- inflammatories with the need for regular monitoring. Encouraging and ensuring adequate eye hygiene is crucial. Although it may be challenging for the child, it is just a matter of getting into their daily routine.

Prevention strategies involve reducing exposure to dry environments, ensuring adequate hydration and encouraging regular breaks from using monitors to maintain eye health.

Dr Paulo Freitas da Costa was the guest on the Porto Canal “consultório” program, where he had the opportunity to clarify some doubts on this topic!

The video sounds is in Portuguese, but you can activate the English subtitles directly on YouTube for a better understanding of what’s been discussed.